Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 30 Researches
7.8
USERS' SCORE
Moderately Good
Based on 6 Reviews
7.7
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 3 Soft Gels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
35
Total Fat
3 g
4%
Saturated Fat
0.5 g
3%
Trans Fat
0 g
†
Cholesterol
15 mg
5%
Vitamin A
30 mcg RAE
3%
Total Omega-3s
750 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
240 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
360 mg
†
Other Omega-3s
150 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
We investigated the potential of DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine (DHA-PS) in addressing liver injuries caused by cyclophosphamide in mice. By administering cyclophosphamide over five days, we created a model to simulate this liver damage. Following this, we treated the mice with different doses of DHA-PS for a week to see if it could help heal their livers.
Our findings were quite promising. The mice receiving DHA-PS experienced significant improvements in key liver health indicators, including reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. Through advanced analysis, we discovered that DHA-PS helped correct metabolic imbalances caused by cyclophosphamide, which is a crucial aspect of liver recovery.
Additionally, we observed that DHA-PS has a positive impact on the gut-liver axis. This treatment restored the intestinal barrier, reduced harmful compounds in the bloodstream, and improved overall gut microbiota health. By balancing the gut bacteria, we enhanced the overall health of the mice.
Overall, the results suggest that DHA-PS could be a valuable therapeutic option or functional food for combating liver injuries related to cyclophosphamide. This study highlights the potential benefits of DHA on liver health and underscores the importance of the gut-liver connection.
Our findings were quite promising. The mice receiving DHA-PS experienced significant improvements in key liver health indicators, including reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. Through advanced analysis, we discovered that DHA-PS helped correct metabolic imbalances caused by cyclophosphamide, which is a crucial aspect of liver recovery.
Additionally, we observed that DHA-PS has a positive impact on the gut-liver axis. This treatment restored the intestinal barrier, reduced harmful compounds in the bloodstream, and improved overall gut microbiota health. By balancing the gut bacteria, we enhanced the overall health of the mice.
Overall, the results suggest that DHA-PS could be a valuable therapeutic option or functional food for combating liver injuries related to cyclophosphamide. This study highlights the potential benefits of DHA on liver health and underscores the importance of the gut-liver connection.
Read More
9
We explored the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the health of our liver, especially regarding nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Using a zebrafish model with a specific mutation that prevents the production of DHA, we aimed to understand how this absence affects liver lipid balance and overall liver health.
Our findings revealed that without sufficient DHA, the liver showed increased fat storage and issues with fat processing. Instead of breaking down fats as it should, the liver was overwhelmed with lipids, leading to the telltale signs of NAFLD. Additionally, we noted that the liver cells in our mutated model were suffering from structural damage and stress, primarily through a process known as ferroptosis—rather than the more commonly known apoptosis.
Interestingly, when we supplemented these fish with DHA through diet or genetic modifications, we observed a remarkable improvement in liver health. This suggests that maintaining proper levels of DHA is crucial for preventing fatty liver disease and protecting liver cells from damage.
Our findings revealed that without sufficient DHA, the liver showed increased fat storage and issues with fat processing. Instead of breaking down fats as it should, the liver was overwhelmed with lipids, leading to the telltale signs of NAFLD. Additionally, we noted that the liver cells in our mutated model were suffering from structural damage and stress, primarily through a process known as ferroptosis—rather than the more commonly known apoptosis.
Interestingly, when we supplemented these fish with DHA through diet or genetic modifications, we observed a remarkable improvement in liver health. This suggests that maintaining proper levels of DHA is crucial for preventing fatty liver disease and protecting liver cells from damage.
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8
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), derived from the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica, affects liver disease, particularly focusing on its potential to address liver fibrosis in rats. In a structured study, we divided the rats into groups that received varying doses of the EPA-rich algae alongside a control group given fish oil, known for its omega-3 content.
Our research revealed that the rats fed with the highest dose of the N. oceanica biomass experienced marked improvements. The serum levels of liver enzymes and cholesterol, which typically rise due to liver damage, saw a significant decline in those rats. We also noted that the histological examinations indicated less inflammation and lesser damage to liver cells in the groups consuming the algal biomass.
Additionally, the study showed positive changes in gut microbiota. We observed an increase in beneficial bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid production in the groups fed with EPA. This suggests that not only does EPA help with liver health, but it might also positively influence gut health.
Ultimately, our findings suggest that N. oceanica biomass, with its high EPA content, can be an effective supplement for reducing liver fibrosis, offering an alternative to traditional fish oil in promoting liver health.
Our research revealed that the rats fed with the highest dose of the N. oceanica biomass experienced marked improvements. The serum levels of liver enzymes and cholesterol, which typically rise due to liver damage, saw a significant decline in those rats. We also noted that the histological examinations indicated less inflammation and lesser damage to liver cells in the groups consuming the algal biomass.
Additionally, the study showed positive changes in gut microbiota. We observed an increase in beneficial bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid production in the groups fed with EPA. This suggests that not only does EPA help with liver health, but it might also positively influence gut health.
Ultimately, our findings suggest that N. oceanica biomass, with its high EPA content, can be an effective supplement for reducing liver fibrosis, offering an alternative to traditional fish oil in promoting liver health.
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Most Useful Reviews
9
Reduced asthma symptoms
5 people found this helpful
Wonderful for asthma! My 6-year-old daughter has suffered from asthma, with constant coughing and severe attacks. After trying numerous medications with little relief, I introduced cod liver oil upon my mother's suggestion. Within two weeks, she was nearly symptom-free. Several months later, she remains significantly better, experiencing only a few flare-ups. I appreciate Nordic Naturals for their high processing standards, ensuring the product is safe for children without excess vitamins D and A.
Read More
7.5
Inflammation relief
The cod liver oil quality is excellent, with no fishy taste when taken post-meal. I believe it aids in managing inflammation, which is helpful for my psoriasis.
Read More
0
Vitamin D absence
4 people found this helpful
I purchased this cod liver oil to boost my vitamin D levels, as it naturally contains vitamin D. However, this product does not contain it. I discovered from the company that the vitamin D content is lost during the cleansing process. I will opt for a different brand that has naturally occurring vitamin D next time, and I advise others to be aware of this when seeking a vitamin D supplement.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 30 Researches
7.8
- All Researches
9
We examined the effects of cod liver oil on liver inflammation caused by sodium nitrite, a common food additive known for its harmful effects at high levels. In this study, we treated thirty-two adult male rats with sodium nitrite and observed the potential protective role of cod liver oil.
The rats received either sodium nitrite alone or sodium nitrite along with cod liver oil. We assessed liver damage through various markers and tissue staining. The results indicated that cod liver oil significantly reduced liver cell damage. Furthermore, it helped lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and markers associated with tissue fibrosis and cell death compared to the group that received sodium nitrite alone.
Our findings suggest that cod liver oil can play a beneficial role in protecting the liver from inflammation and injury caused by sodium nitrite exposure. This highlights the potential of dietary interventions in managing liver health.
The rats received either sodium nitrite alone or sodium nitrite along with cod liver oil. We assessed liver damage through various markers and tissue staining. The results indicated that cod liver oil significantly reduced liver cell damage. Furthermore, it helped lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and markers associated with tissue fibrosis and cell death compared to the group that received sodium nitrite alone.
Our findings suggest that cod liver oil can play a beneficial role in protecting the liver from inflammation and injury caused by sodium nitrite exposure. This highlights the potential of dietary interventions in managing liver health.
Read More
9
We explored how cod liver oil may help protect the liver from damage caused by sodium nitrite, a substance known for its harmful effects. Thirty-two male rats were used in our study, where some received sodium nitrite alone while others were treated with both sodium nitrite and cod liver oil.
After treatment, we examined the liver sections for any changes and measured markers indicating oxidative stress and liver function. Our findings showed that cod liver oil significantly reduced harmful liver enzymes, preventing liver cell damage.
Additionally, we observed that cod liver oil lowered levels of oxidative stress indicators and improved mitochondrial function, which are crucial for liver health. It also reduced inflammation and DNA damage caused by sodium nitrite.
Overall, the study suggests that dietary cod liver oil can be beneficial in combating liver damage linked to sodium nitrite exposure through several protective mechanisms.
After treatment, we examined the liver sections for any changes and measured markers indicating oxidative stress and liver function. Our findings showed that cod liver oil significantly reduced harmful liver enzymes, preventing liver cell damage.
Additionally, we observed that cod liver oil lowered levels of oxidative stress indicators and improved mitochondrial function, which are crucial for liver health. It also reduced inflammation and DNA damage caused by sodium nitrite.
Overall, the study suggests that dietary cod liver oil can be beneficial in combating liver damage linked to sodium nitrite exposure through several protective mechanisms.
Read More
9
We explored the effectiveness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a key component of Antarctic krill oil, in battling obesity and its associated liver issues. Our investigation specifically aimed to understand how EPA influences cholesterol levels and overall liver health, especially in the context of diet-induced obesity.
Using a mouse model and analyzing various molecular pathways, we observed that a high-fat diet led to increased oxidative stress and obesity-related indicators, which are harmful to liver function. However, the introduction of EPA showed promising results in reducing oxidative stress, fat accumulation, and improving key metabolic parameters. These improvements were linked to better cholesterol management and support for liver health.
The findings suggest that EPA might serve as a valuable intervention for those struggling with obesity-related liver disease. By enhancing cholesterol metabolism and addressing oxidative stress, EPA could play a role in the prevention and treatment of these conditions. Overall, our results indicate a potential pathway for therapeutic applications in liver health through EPA supplementation.
Using a mouse model and analyzing various molecular pathways, we observed that a high-fat diet led to increased oxidative stress and obesity-related indicators, which are harmful to liver function. However, the introduction of EPA showed promising results in reducing oxidative stress, fat accumulation, and improving key metabolic parameters. These improvements were linked to better cholesterol management and support for liver health.
The findings suggest that EPA might serve as a valuable intervention for those struggling with obesity-related liver disease. By enhancing cholesterol metabolism and addressing oxidative stress, EPA could play a role in the prevention and treatment of these conditions. Overall, our results indicate a potential pathway for therapeutic applications in liver health through EPA supplementation.
Read More
9
We conducted an intriguing study to explore the effects of tyrosol (TYR), a compound enriched with beneficial properties, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Males of the C57BL/6J strain were divided into groups that received either a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with 0.025% TYR for 16 weeks.
Observations revealed that the mice consuming the TYR-enriched diet experienced a notable decrease in both final body weight and liver fat accumulation compared to those on just the high-fat diet. A closer examination of liver metabolites showed an increase in key substances, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which suggests that TYR positively influences lipid metabolism and supports liver health.
We further investigated the mechanism behind these benefits and found that TYR interacts with a receptor known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα). This interaction is crucial in regulating liver lipid processing, helping to turn on the genes that promote better lipid management.
Overall, this compelling evidence indicates that TYR, particularly through its role involving EPA and PPARα, could be a promising dietary addition for alleviating fatty liver disease in contexts of poor diets. We are excited about these insights and their potential implications for improving liver health.
Observations revealed that the mice consuming the TYR-enriched diet experienced a notable decrease in both final body weight and liver fat accumulation compared to those on just the high-fat diet. A closer examination of liver metabolites showed an increase in key substances, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which suggests that TYR positively influences lipid metabolism and supports liver health.
We further investigated the mechanism behind these benefits and found that TYR interacts with a receptor known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα). This interaction is crucial in regulating liver lipid processing, helping to turn on the genes that promote better lipid management.
Overall, this compelling evidence indicates that TYR, particularly through its role involving EPA and PPARα, could be a promising dietary addition for alleviating fatty liver disease in contexts of poor diets. We are excited about these insights and their potential implications for improving liver health.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Hepatic Inflammation
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and other omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on liver inflammation related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using a transgenic mouse model known as fat-1 mice, we saw how increased levels of n-3 PUFA in tissues could play a role in reducing liver damage associated with colitis.
Our study pointed out that those fat-1 mice experienced less severe liver inflammation and oxidative stress compared to wild-type mice when subjected to a chemical that induces colitis. This is significant because while many discussions around omega-3 fatty acids center on their benefits for gut health, our findings suggest they also hold promise in addressing liver complications that might arise due to gut inflammation.
Additionally, we observed notable increases in certain beneficial metabolites derived from EPA, which are linked to reducing inflammation. These findings underline a strong connection between dietary n-3 PUFA intake and less oxidative stress in the liver, which could open up new avenues for therapeutic approaches in managing IBD and its systemic effects.
Our study pointed out that those fat-1 mice experienced less severe liver inflammation and oxidative stress compared to wild-type mice when subjected to a chemical that induces colitis. This is significant because while many discussions around omega-3 fatty acids center on their benefits for gut health, our findings suggest they also hold promise in addressing liver complications that might arise due to gut inflammation.
Additionally, we observed notable increases in certain beneficial metabolites derived from EPA, which are linked to reducing inflammation. These findings underline a strong connection between dietary n-3 PUFA intake and less oxidative stress in the liver, which could open up new avenues for therapeutic approaches in managing IBD and its systemic effects.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Moderately Good
Based on 6 Reviews
7.7
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Reduced asthma symptoms
5 people found this helpful
Wonderful for asthma! My 6-year-old daughter has suffered from asthma, with constant coughing and severe attacks. After trying numerous medications with little relief, I introduced cod liver oil upon my mother's suggestion. Within two weeks, she was nearly symptom-free. Several months later, she remains significantly better, experiencing only a few flare-ups. I appreciate Nordic Naturals for their high processing standards, ensuring the product is safe for children without excess vitamins D and A.
Read More
7.5
Inflammation relief
The cod liver oil quality is excellent, with no fishy taste when taken post-meal. I believe it aids in managing inflammation, which is helpful for my psoriasis.
Read More
0
Vitamin D absence
4 people found this helpful
I purchased this cod liver oil to boost my vitamin D levels, as it naturally contains vitamin D. However, this product does not contain it. I discovered from the company that the vitamin D content is lost during the cleansing process. I will opt for a different brand that has naturally occurring vitamin D next time, and I advise others to be aware of this when seeking a vitamin D supplement.
Read More
7.5
Cholesterol improvement
1 people found this helpful
I bought cod liver oil for my mother to manage her cholesterol. After three months of daily use alongside improved diet and exercise, her levels returned to normal. It has been helpful in reducing inflammation and heart disease. The taste is acceptable, and it contains an excellent percentage of Omega 3s from non-GMO fish, making it suitable for the elderly. Additionally, it has contributed to better hair and skin condition after two weeks.
Read More
7.5
Heart protection
1 people found this helpful
This Cod Liver Oil is ideal for my family, aged 12 to 40. The lemon flavour effectively masks the fish smell. This supplement has benefitted us by protecting heart health, improving hair quality, reducing inflammation, and lowering cholesterol. It also contains omega fatty acids, which we value greatly in our diet.
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Frequently Asked Questions
9
Reduced asthma symptoms
5 people found this helpful
Wonderful for asthma! My 6-year-old daughter has suffered from asthma, with constant coughing and severe attacks. After trying numerous medications with little relief, I introduced cod liver oil upon my mother's suggestion. Within two weeks, she was nearly symptom-free. Several months later, she remains significantly better, experiencing only a few flare-ups. I appreciate Nordic Naturals for their high processing standards, ensuring the product is safe for children without excess vitamins D and A.
7.5
Cholesterol improvement
1 people found this helpful
I bought cod liver oil for my mother to manage her cholesterol. After three months of daily use alongside improved diet and exercise, her levels returned to normal. It has been helpful in reducing inflammation and heart disease. The taste is acceptable, and it contains an excellent percentage of Omega 3s from non-GMO fish, making it suitable for the elderly. Additionally, it has contributed to better hair and skin condition after two weeks.
7.5
Inflammation relief
The cod liver oil quality is excellent, with no fishy taste when taken post-meal. I believe it aids in managing inflammation, which is helpful for my psoriasis.
7.5
Inflammation reduction
1 people found this helpful
Nordic Naturals offers excellent cod liver oil. Renowned for its high-quality products, it contains concentrated EPA and DHA, effectively fighting inflammation and lowering cholesterol. It's also beneficial for heart health and tastes pleasant. I highly recommend this product and plan to repurchase.
0
Vitamin D absence
4 people found this helpful
I purchased this cod liver oil to boost my vitamin D levels, as it naturally contains vitamin D. However, this product does not contain it. I discovered from the company that the vitamin D content is lost during the cleansing process. I will opt for a different brand that has naturally occurring vitamin D next time, and I advise others to be aware of this when seeking a vitamin D supplement.
9
We examined the effects of cod liver oil on liver inflammation caused by sodium nitrite, a common food additive known for its harmful effects at high levels. In this study, we treated thirty-two adult male rats with sodium nitrite and observed the potential protective role of cod liver oil.
The rats received either sodium nitrite alone or sodium nitrite along with cod liver oil. We assessed liver damage through various markers and tissue staining. The results indicated that cod liver oil significantly reduced liver cell damage. Furthermore, it helped lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and markers associated with tissue fibrosis and cell death compared to the group that received sodium nitrite alone.
Our findings suggest that cod liver oil can play a beneficial role in protecting the liver from inflammation and injury caused by sodium nitrite exposure. This highlights the potential of dietary interventions in managing liver health.
The rats received either sodium nitrite alone or sodium nitrite along with cod liver oil. We assessed liver damage through various markers and tissue staining. The results indicated that cod liver oil significantly reduced liver cell damage. Furthermore, it helped lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and markers associated with tissue fibrosis and cell death compared to the group that received sodium nitrite alone.
Our findings suggest that cod liver oil can play a beneficial role in protecting the liver from inflammation and injury caused by sodium nitrite exposure. This highlights the potential of dietary interventions in managing liver health.
9
We explored how cod liver oil may help protect the liver from damage caused by sodium nitrite, a substance known for its harmful effects. Thirty-two male rats were used in our study, where some received sodium nitrite alone while others were treated with both sodium nitrite and cod liver oil.
After treatment, we examined the liver sections for any changes and measured markers indicating oxidative stress and liver function. Our findings showed that cod liver oil significantly reduced harmful liver enzymes, preventing liver cell damage.
Additionally, we observed that cod liver oil lowered levels of oxidative stress indicators and improved mitochondrial function, which are crucial for liver health. It also reduced inflammation and DNA damage caused by sodium nitrite.
Overall, the study suggests that dietary cod liver oil can be beneficial in combating liver damage linked to sodium nitrite exposure through several protective mechanisms.
After treatment, we examined the liver sections for any changes and measured markers indicating oxidative stress and liver function. Our findings showed that cod liver oil significantly reduced harmful liver enzymes, preventing liver cell damage.
Additionally, we observed that cod liver oil lowered levels of oxidative stress indicators and improved mitochondrial function, which are crucial for liver health. It also reduced inflammation and DNA damage caused by sodium nitrite.
Overall, the study suggests that dietary cod liver oil can be beneficial in combating liver damage linked to sodium nitrite exposure through several protective mechanisms.
7
We aimed to understand how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, impacts liver health in individuals struggling with obesity. To do this, we conducted a study involving patients with obesity, specifically those with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 kg/m² or higher. Over the course of eight weeks, these participants received either 3.36 grams of n-3 PUFAs, which included 1.84 grams of EPA and 1.53 grams of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or a control of 5 grams of butter.
Afterward, as part of their pre-bariatric surgery routine, we collected liver biopsies to analyze gene expression changes. Utilizing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we identified 80 significantly altered pathways linked to crucial functions such as metabolism and immune response. Notably, EPA treatment improved pathways involved in immune functions and lipid metabolism, while it decreased those associated with glucagon signaling.
Our findings underscore the potential of eicosapentaenoic acid to affect metabolic and immune processes in the liver of obese patients. This research paves the way for further exploration of EPA’s benefits and its role in addressing liver conditions associated with obesity.
Afterward, as part of their pre-bariatric surgery routine, we collected liver biopsies to analyze gene expression changes. Utilizing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we identified 80 significantly altered pathways linked to crucial functions such as metabolism and immune response. Notably, EPA treatment improved pathways involved in immune functions and lipid metabolism, while it decreased those associated with glucagon signaling.
Our findings underscore the potential of eicosapentaenoic acid to affect metabolic and immune processes in the liver of obese patients. This research paves the way for further exploration of EPA’s benefits and its role in addressing liver conditions associated with obesity.
References
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- Salama MF, Abbas A, Darweish MM, El-Hawwary AA, Al-Gayyar MM. Hepatoprotective effects of cod liver oil against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats. Pharm Biol. 2013;51:1435. doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.796564
- Uthaiah NM, Venkataramareddy SR, Mudhol S, Sheikh AY. EPA-rich Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass regulates gut microbiota, alleviates inflammation and ameliorates liver fibrosis in rats. Food Res Int. 2025;202:115733. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.115733
- Joerg R, Itariu BK, Amor M, Bilban M, Langer F, et al. The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA on liver transcriptome in human obesity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2024;204:102663. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102663
- Choi JH, Park SE, Kim S. Antarctic Krill Oil Supplementation Attenuates Hypercholesterolemia, Fatty Liver, and Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213614
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- Sumida W, Tainaka T, Shirota C, Makita S, Amano H, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid administration ameliorates the progression of liver fibrosis after laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024;40:239. doi:10.1007/s00383-024-05800-2
- Sabinari I, Horakova O, Cajka T, Kleinova V, Wieckowski MR, et al. Influence of Lipid Class Used for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Liver Fat Accumulation in MASLD. Physiol Res. 2024;73:S295.
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- Iizasa S, Nagao K, Tsuge K, Nagano Y, Yanagita T. Identification of genes regulated by lipids from seaweed Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) involved in the improvement of hepatic steatosis: Insights from RNA-Seq analysis in obese db/db mice. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0295591. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295591
- Hull MA, Ow PL, Ruddock S, Brend T, Smith AF, et al. Randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of the effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on colorectal cancer recurrence and survival after surgery for resectable liver metastases: EPA for Metastasis Trial 2 (EMT2) study protocol. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e077427. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077427
- Videla LA, Valenzuela R, Del Campo A, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Omega-3 Lipid Mediators: Modulation of the M1/M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Its Protective Role in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. doi:10.3390/ijms242115528
- Chen YF, Fan ZK, Gao X, Zhou F, Guo XF, et al. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid or triacylglycerol form attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via mediating cannabinoid receptor 1/adiponectin/ceramide pathway. J Nutr Biochem. 2024;123:109484. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109484
- Liu W, Zhu M, Gong M, Zheng W, Zeng X, et al. Comparison of the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Lipid Disorders in Obese Mice. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15143200
- Rohwer N, Jelleschitz J, Höhn A, Weber D, Kühl AA, et al. Prevention of colitis-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation in a transgenic mouse model with increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Redox Biol. 2023;64:102803. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2023.102803
- Roque-Jiménez JA, Oviedo-Ojeda MF, Whalin M, Lee-Rangel HA, Relling AE. Ewe early gestation supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids affects the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue fatty acid profile and liver mRNA expression in the offspring. J Anim Sci. 2023;101. doi:10.1093/jas/skad144
- Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Li Z, Huang F, Mo K, et al. DTX2 attenuates Lenvatinib-induced ferroptosis by suppressing docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis through HSD17B4-dependent peroxisomal β-oxidation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Resist Updat. 2025;81:101224. doi:10.1016/j.drup.2025.101224
- Zhang D, Wang Z, Wang X, Yue W, Zhang L, et al. Cosupplementation with DHA and medium-chain triglycerides ameliorates NAFLD and reduces amyloid-β accumulation by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism in APP/PS1 mice. Lipids. 2025. doi:10.1002/lipd.12436
- Wang X, Ishimatsu K, Li J, Wen X, Ou W, et al. APT imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma signals an effective therapeutic response in advance of tumor shrinkage. Hepat Oncol. 2024;11:2389031. doi:10.1080/20450923.2024.2389031
- Li J, Guo J, Yuen M, Yuen H, Peng Q. The comparative effects of ω-7 fatty acid-rich sea buckthorn oil and ω-3 fatty acid-rich DHA algal oil on improving high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Food Funct. 2025;16:1241. doi:10.1039/d4fo04961f
- Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhao R, Lu Y, Jiang S, et al. Efficacy of DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine and its underlying mechanism in alleviating polystyrene nanoplastics-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;142:113154. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113154
- Yang J, Félix-Soriano E, Martínez-Gayo A, Ibañez-Santos J, Sáinz N, et al. SIRT1 and FOXO1 role on MASLD risk: effects of DHA-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation and exercise in aged obese female mice and in post-menopausal overweight/obese women. J Physiol Biochem. 2024;80:697. doi:10.1007/s13105-024-01044-9
- Perva IT, Simina IE, Bende R, Motofelea AC, Chirita Emandi A, et al. Use of a Micronutrient Cocktail to Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adults with Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Pilot Clinical Trial. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60. doi:10.3390/medicina60081366
- Zhang H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Dong J, Jiang S, et al. DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury via regulating the gut-liver axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;140:112895. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112895
- Guo C, Liu Z, Fan H, Wang H, Zhang X, et al. Nonlinear relationships of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids with the complications of liver cirrhosis: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Clin Nutr. 2024;43:2083. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.027
- Alkhouri N, McCarthy D, Bayne AV, Blonquist T, Yurko-Mauro K, et al. The effect of vitamin E and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)-A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial (PUVENAFLD). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024;60:552. doi:10.1111/apt.18149
- Palmina N, Kononikhin A, Chagovets V, Tokareva A, Antipova A, et al. Dietary liposomal complexes change the fatty acid composition of hepatic bioactive phospholipids in F1(C57blxDBA2\6) mice, as shown by a lipidomic approach. Biomater Sci. 2024;12:3956. doi:10.1039/d4bm00431k
- Sotoudeheian M, Azarbad R, Mirahmadi SM. Investigating the correlation between polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024;63:46. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.016
- Li X, Liu C, Zhang R, Li Y, Ye D, et al. Biosynthetic deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ferroptosis-mediated hepatocyte injury. J Biol Chem. 2024;300:107405. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107405
